PIGMENTS

PigmentOrigin/CompositionMain usesMarket and format
OcherNatural iron oxides (Fe₂O₃, FeO(OH))Paintings, cosmetics, artPowder, granules
ShadowlandsNatural mixture of iron and manganese oxidesFine arts, restorationPowder, tablets
Natural verdigrisCrystallized copper acetate (historically from copper exposed to acetic acid)Traditional art, restorationPowdered pigment
Natural cinnabarMercury sulfide (HgS)Traditional painting, art (now in disuse due to toxicity)Powder, pigment
Lapis lazuli (natural ultramarine)Rock with lazurite (Na, Ca aluminosilicate with sulfur)High-end paintings, historical restorationPowder, ground stone
CochenillaCarminic acid extracted from the insect Dactylopius coccusCosmetics, food (E120)Powder, liquid extract
Natural indigoFermentation of Indigofera tinctoria plantsTextiles, art, cosmeticsPaste, powder
Turmeric (Curcumin)Derived from Curcuma longa rhizomeFood (colorant E100), cosmeticsPowder or extract

PigmentChemical compositionMain usesMarket and format
Phthalocyanine blue (PB15)Copper complex with phthalocyanine ringPlastics, inks, paintsDust
Phthalocyanine green (PG7)Chlorinated derivative of PB15Paintings, inksDust
Synthetic iron oxide (red, yellow, black)Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄Paints, cements, cosmeticsPowder, microgranules
Titanium white (TiO₂)Titanium dioxidePaints, foods (E171), cosmeticsDust
Carbon BlackAmorphous carbon, combustion byproductInks, plastics, rubberFine powder
Quinacridone pigmentComplex organic derivative (C20H12N2O2)Art paintings, cars, plasticsDust
Fluorescent and phosphorescent pigmentsMixtures of doped materials (such as aluminates)Inks, security, signagePowder or dispersion
Pearlescent/micaceous pigmentsMica coated with TiO₂ or Fe₂O₃Cosmetics, cars, premium inksDust
PIGMENTS
PIGMENTS